According to the European Commission’s Annual Single Market Report 2021, the digital industrial ecosystem covers ICT manufacturing, services (excluding telecommunications), and telecommunications. In terms of NACE codes, this encompasses computer programming, consultancy, and information service activities, telecommunications, publishing activities, and to a certain degree the manufacturing of computer, electronics and optical products, as well as the repair of computers and personal and household goods. The Digital industrial ecosystem can be considered as a horizontal ecosystem, insofar that it serves other industrial ecosystem as regards their digital transition. Its progress at EU level is to a large extent guided by the Digital Decade Compass and policy programme, which will guide Europe's digital transformation in skills, infrastructure, business and government.